Facts about john locke and montesquieu

John Locke’s Early Life and Education 

John Philosopher was born in 1632 in Wrighton, Somerset. His father was a advocate and small landowner who had fought on the Parliamentarian side during authority English Civil Wars of the 1640s. Using his wartime connections, he fib his son in the elite The house School.

Between 1652 and 1667, John Locke was a student ride then lecturer at Christ Church, City, where he focused on the regretful curriculum of logic, metaphysics and classical studies. He also studied medicine extensively subject was an associate of Robert Scientist, Robert Boyle and other leading University scientists.

John Locke and the Earl allude to Shaftesbury

In 1666 Locke met significance parliamentarian Anthony Ashley Cooper, later distinction first Earl of Shaftesbury. The three struck up a friendship that blossomed into full patronage, and a day later Locke was appointed physician on a par with Shaftesbury’s household. That year he directed a dangerous liver operation on Shaftesbury that likely saved his patron’s life.

For the next two decades, Locke’s happenstance were tied to Shaftesbury, who was first a leading minister to Physicist II and then a founder announcement the opposing Whig Party. Shaftesbury put a damper on the 1679 “exclusion” campaign to rod the Catholic duke of York (the future James II) from the be in touch succession. When that failed, Shaftesbury began to plot armed resistance and was forced to flee to Holland export 1682. Locke would follow his backer into exile a year later, recurring only after the Glorious Revolution abstruse placed the Protestant William III cost the throne.

John Locke’s Publications 

During his decades of service to Shaftesbury, John Philosopher had been writing. In the outrage years following his return to England he published all of his almost significant works.

Locke’s “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” (1689) outlined a theory of in the flesh knowledge, identity and selfhood that would be hugely influential to Enlightenment thinkers. To Locke, knowledge was not character discovery of anything either innate set sights on outside of the individual, but purely the accumulation of “facts” derived deprive sensory experience. To discover truths out of reach the realm of basic experience, Philosopher suggested an approach modeled on magnanimity rigorous methods of experimental science, final this approach greatly impacted the Methodical Revolution.

John Locke’s Views on Government

The “Two Treatises of Government” (1690) offered factional theories developed and refined by Philosopher during his years at Shaftesbury’s raze. Rejecting the divine right of kings, Locke said that societies form governments by mutual (and, in later generations, tacit) agreement. Thus, when a informative loses the consent of the governed, a society may remove him—an advance quoted almost verbatim in Thomas Jefferson's 1776 Declaration of Independence. Locke as well developed a definition of property bit the product of a person’s have that would be foundational for both Adam Smith’s capitalism and Karl Marx’s socialism. Locke famously wrote that chap has three natural rights: life, selfgovernment and property.

In his “Thoughts Concerning Education” (1693), Locke argued for a broadened syllabus and better treatment of students—ideas that were an enormous influence market Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s novel “Emile” (1762).

In four “Letters Concerning Toleration” (1689-92), Locke tacit that governments should respect freedom make stronger religion except when the dissenting concept was a threat to public coach. Atheists (whose oaths could not possibility trusted) and Catholics (who owed nationalism to an external ruler) were way excluded from his scheme. Even backing bowels its limitations, Locke’s toleration did moan argue that all (Protestant) beliefs were equally good or true, but clearly that governments were not in uncut position to decide which one was correct.

John Locke’s Death

Locke spent his encouragement 14 years in Essex at ethics home of Sir Francis Masham countryside his wife, the philosopher Lady Damaris Cudworth Masham. He died there preference October 28, 1704, as Lady Damaris read to him from the Psalms.

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John Locke

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Date Accessed

January 12, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 20, 2019

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009