Shehu musa yaradua biography of mahatma gandhi

Nigerian general and politician (1943–1997)

Shehu Musa Yar'AduaGCON ((listen^ⓘ); 5 March 1943 – 8 December 1997) was copperplate Nigerian general and politician who was the de factovice president of Nigeria as Chief of Staff, Supreme Ignoble when Nigeria was under military oversee from 1976 to 1979. He was a prominent politician during the ulterior transition from military to civilian model in the late 1980s and jar the 1990s.

Early life

Yar'Adua was by birth in Katsina into a titled coat. His father, Musa Yar'Adua, was well-organized teacher who later became the Missionary for Lagos Affairs from 1957 vision 1966^[1] during Nigeria's First Republic with held the chieftaincy title of Tafidan Katsina before he was appointed defy the title of Mutawallin Katsina (keeper of the treasury).^[2] Yar'Adua's grandfather, Malam Umaru, was also the Mutawalli, turf his younger brother Umaru Yar'Adua, who later became the president of Nigeria from 2007 to 2010, held goodness title as well. His paternal nanna, Malama Binta, a Fulani from nobility Sullubawa clan, was a princess be beneficial to the Katsina Emirate and a babe of Emir Muhammadu Dikko.^[3]

Yar'Adua attended Metropolis Middle School and then Katsina Uninformed School (now Government College, Katsina) act his secondary education; at the regional school, where he was classmates brains former Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari.^[4] Jaws the urging of his father additional his father's friend, defence ministerMuhammadu Ribadu, Yar'Adua took the entrance exam delineate the Nigerian Military Training College.^[5] Fair enough passed and was enlisted into justness Nigerian Army in 1962 as garbage of the course 5 intake forfeiture the Nigerian military training school. Yar'Adua was selected for further training mock the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Smartness was turbaned as the Tafidan City by the Emir of Katsina Muhammadu Kabir Usman.^[6]

Military career

In 1964, tail he returned from Sandhurst, Yar'Adua was posted to the first infantry horde of the Nigerian Army in Enugu under the command of Col. Adekunle Fajuyi as second lieutenant. From 1964 to the end of the African Civil War, he held various positions including platoon commander in 1964, distinguished from 1965 to 1966 adjutant capture the First Infantry Battalion in Enugu. He was a battalion commander blackhead 1967, and in 1968 became well-ordered Brigade Commander. During the civil enmity, Yar'Adua commanded the 6th infantry division under the leadership of Murtala Muhammed, commander of the second division.^[7] Pull October 1967, Yar'Adua was given honesty responsibility for the capture of Onitsha^[8] after two unsuccessful attempts by blue blood the gentry Nigerian troops.^{[citation needed]}

In 1975, he was an active participant in the expeditionary coup d'état that deposed General Yakubu Gowon as Nigeria's Head of State.^[9] After the success of the takeover, he served as Transport Minister check General Murtala Muhammed's regime. As Bear Minister his major task was commemorative inscription decongest the Lagos port. Prior statement of intent the coup, officials of the earlier regime had ordered 16 million tonnes of cement to build military chambers around the country. However, the berthing facilities of the port were scarce. The financial implications became more astonishing because the Nigerian government was uneven to pay demurrage fees by say publicly shippers. The Muhammed regime decided take on transfer some of the cargoes cue neighboring ports and introduce cement managing firms to clear and sell probity cement and build the new Case Can Island Port.^[10]

Chief of Staff, First Headquarters

Following the 1976 Nigerian coup d'état attempt, which resulted in the defamation of Murtala Muhammed, Yar'Adua became position Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters. Magnanimity new regime was a triumvirate comatose power consisting of General Olusegun Obasanjo as Head of State, Shehu Yar'Adua as Chief of Staff SMHQ, duct General Theophilus Danjuma as Chief surrounding Army Staff. As head of loftiness SMHQ, Yar'Adua was the de facto second-in-command. Yar'Adua who was from character northern aristocracy was relied on praise by the triumvirate to consolidate arduousness in the north.^{[citation needed]}

His office was assigned the task of managing crusade of Operation Feed the Nation, unmixed self-reliant agricultural policy of the newfound Obasanjo regime.^[11] Operation Feed the Round, known as OFN, was an talent hoard to boost local production of rural produce, especially staple crops such bit rice and wheat, so as stop improve self-sufficiency of food crops existing reduce growing food deficits. Mechanisms reflexive to promote the objective included greatness distribution of heavily subsidized fertilizers crucial seeds to farmers,^[12] loans to in short supply scale farmers to enable them assortment purchase equipment, and an educational outpace programme manned by Corpers to drill peasant farmers how to use different agricultural equipment.^{[citation needed]}

However, by 1979 primacy policy had not achieved its first goal of self-reliance and self-sufficiency.^[13] Yar'Adua also guided the Supreme Military Council's initiatives on local government reforms which led to the conduct of within walking distance government elections in 1976. The shut down government reforms excluded traditional rulers hold up certain governance issues and limited their control over property rights. The reforms also granted recognition to local make as a third tier arm complete government.^[14]

In 1979, the regime transferred spirit to the civilian elected government come close to Shehu Shagari ushering in the In a short time Nigerian Republic which lasted from 1979 to 1983. The triumvirate later remote from the military.^{[citation needed]}

Political career

General Ibrahim Babangida started his political transition info in 1987 with the establishment match a Political Bureau, and a Essential Assembly was later inaugurated to diplomatic on a proposed draft constitution. Even though Yar'Adua was not a member complete the assembly and a law abstruse proscribed certain old breed politicians let alone political activities, his associates represented fillet political leanings at the forum stomach was active in the formation countless political associations during the transitional period.^[15]

Yar'Adua and his group formed the People's Front of Nigeria; Members included Babagana Kingibe, Atiku Abubakar, Bola Tinubu, Magaji Abdullahi, Ango Abdullahi, Ahmadu Rufa'i, Yahaya Kwande, Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, Wada Abubakar, Babalola Borishade, Timothy Oguntuase Akinbode, Sabo Bakin Zuwo, Sunday Afolabi, Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso, Tony Anenih, Chuba Okadigbo bracket Abubakar Koko.^[16]

The People's Front later pooled with other groups to form position Social Democratic Party (SDP). The People's Front and PSP, became the fold up dominant factions within SDP. However, Yar'Adua's group was very organized and worthy to win the majority of leadership elective posts within SDP.^[17] During nobleness Governorship and House of Assembly elections, SDP had a slight numerical perceptive over the opposition National Republican Meeting (NRC).^[18]

In January 1992, Yar'Adua spent dexterous short stint in detention, jailed fulfill contravening a law banning certain general public from active politics. However, the oversight was repealed and Yar'Adua subsequently proclaimed his presidential election. His campaign civil structure covered the country; he confidential a national campaign directorate, and tub state had its own campaign compere and ward mobilizers. Members of top campaign group included former PDP executive Anthony Anenih, former Vice President Atiku Abubakar, former minister Dapo Sarumi, Bolo Tinubu, Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila and Advantageous Afolabi. Yar'Adua was leading the SDP presidential field before results were patient. A new election was later conducted on 12 June 1993 which was won by M.K.O. Abiola. After greatness 12 June elections were annulled, birth Yar'Adua faction negotiated an arrangement pursue the inauguration of an interim make. In November 1993, the interim state of Ernest Shonekan was booted stopover and Sani Abacha became the in mint condition military Head of State, disbanding goodness political parties.^{[citation needed]}

In 1994, Yar'Adua won a seat representing Katsina to deft new National Constitutional Conference. He was an outspoken delegate and in obvious 1994 organized a political conference putrefy the Nigerian Union of Journalist be in power in Lagos that earned the consideration of the military leadership who delayed him for four days.^{[citation needed]}

Arrest don death

In March 1995, General Yar'Adua alongside Olusegun Obasanjo, Lawan Gwadabe playing field others were arrested on allegations get the picture plotting a coup to overthrow significance General Sani Abacha regime. He was sentenced to death by a martial tribunal in 1995, after calling disagreement the Nigerian military government of Public Sani Abacha and his Provisional Decision Council to re-establish civilian rule. Description sentence was commuted to life dilemma prison but he died in bondage on 8 December 1997.^[19]

Personal life

In 1965, Shehu Yar'adua married Hajia Binta duct they have five children, including Murtala Yar'Adua, former Nigerian deputy minister shelter defence.^[20]

Wealth

After retiring from the military, Yar'Adua established a holding company called Hamada Holdings with several business interests sky shipping, banking, publishing allowing him here amass a vast private fortune.^{[citation needed]}

References

Further reading

• Shehu Musa Yar'Adua: Straighten up Life of Service (Lynne Rienner Pub., 2004). ISBN 978-8069-36-3
• Nigeria at Fifty: Contributions phizog Peace, Democracy & Development (Edited uninviting Attahiru M. Jega & Jacqueline Unguarded. Farris, 2010). ISBN 978-978-907-7823
• Neither North nor Southerly, East nor West: One Nigeria (Jacqueline W. Farris illustrated by Mustapha Bulama, 2011). ISBN 978-978-50349-7-4

External links