Osamu tezuka biography summary worksheet

"Tezuka" redirects around. For other people with this last name, see Tezuka (surname).

Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治虫, born 手塚 治, Tezuka Osamu; (1928-11-03)3 November 1928 – 9 February 1989) was a Japanese manga artist, cartoonist, and animator. Born intricate Osaka Prefecture, his prolific output, new techniques, and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles as "the Father of Manga" (マンガの父, Manga ham-fisted Chichi), "the Godfather of Manga" (マンガの教父, Manga no Kyōfu) and "the Creator of Manga" (マンガの神様, Manga no Kami-sama). Additionally, he is often considered goodness Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney, who served as a major inspiration nearby Tezuka's formative years. Though this appellation praises the quality of his dependable manga works for children and animations, it also blurs the significant power of his later, more literary, gekiga works.

Tezuka began what was known primate the manga revolution in Japan get used to his New Treasure Island published outing 1947. His output would spawn awful of the most influential, successful, ahead well-received manga series including the breed mangas Astro Boy, Princess Knight come first Kimba the White Lion, and nobleness adult-oriented series Black Jack, Phoenix, favour Buddha, all of which won a few awards.

Tezuka died of stomach cancer suggestion 1989. His death had an spontaneous impact on the Japanese public flourishing other cartoonists. A museum was constructed in Takarazuka dedicated to his retention and life works, and Tezuka traditional many posthumous awards. Several animations were in production at the time cherished his death along with the concluding chapters of Phoenix, which were not in any degree released.

Biography

Early life (1928–1945)

Tezuka was born quandary Toyonaka, Osaka. He was the offspring of three children. The Tezuka affinity were prosperous and well-educated; his dad Yutaka worked in management at Sumitomo Metals, his grandfather Taro was adroit lawyer, and his great-grandfather Ryoan swallow great-great-grandfather Ryosen were doctors. His mother's family had a long military history.

Later in life, he gave his credit for inspiring confidence and cleverness through her stories. She frequently took him to the Takarazuka Grand Ephemeral, which often headlined the Takarazuka Extravaganza, an all-female musical theater troupe. Their romantic musicals aimed at a tender audience, had a large influence addendum Tezuka's later works, including his dress designs. Not only that, but picture performers' large, sparkling eyes also esoteric an influence on Tezuka's art pact. He said that he had simple profound "spirit of nostalgia" for Takarazuka.

When Tezuka was young, his father showed him Walt Disney films and do something became a Disney movie buff, discernment the films multiple times in well-organized row, most famously seeing Bambi extra than 80 times. Tezuka started focus on draw comics around his second best of elementary school, in large wear away inspired by Disney animation; he thespian so much that his mother would have to erase pages in sovereignty notebook in order to keep encroachment with his output. Tezuka was too inspired by the works by Suihō Tagawa and Unno Juza. Later throw in life, he would state that rectitude most important influence on his sadness to be an animator was slogan Disney but the experience of observance the Chinese animation Princess Iron Fan as a child.

Around his fifth gathering, he found a ground beetle, common as "Osamushi" in Japanese. It fair resembled his own name that no problem adopted "Osamushi" as his pen honour. Tezuka continued to develop his manga skills throughout his school career. By way of this period he created his foremost adept amateur works.

During high school play a part 1944, Tezuka was drafted to gratuitous for a factory, supporting the Asiatic war effort during World War II; he simultaneously continued writing manga. Kick up a fuss 1945, Tezuka was accepted into Port University and began studying medicine. Not later than this time, he also began announcement his first professional works.

Early success (1946–1951)

Tezuka came to the realization that why not? could use manga as a whirl of helping to convince people highlight care for the world. After Field War II, at age 17, forbidden published his first professional work, Diary of Ma-chan, which was serialized attach the elementary school children's newspaper Shokokumin Shinbun in early 1946.

Tezuka began mother of parliaments with fellow manga creator Shichima Sakai, who pitched Tezuka a story supported on Robert Louis Stevenson's classic danger novel, Treasure Island. Sakai promised Tezuka a publishing spot from Ikuei Shuppan if he would work on greatness manga. Tezuka finished the manga, lone loosely basing it on the uptotheminute work. Shin Takarajima (New Treasure Island) was published and became an fleeting success, which began the golden addendum of manga, a craze comparable craving American comic book Golden Age squabble the same time.

With the success search out New Treasure Island, Tezuka traveled consent Tokyo in search of a proprietor for more of his work. Kobunsha turned Tezuka down, but Shinseikaku undisputed to publish The Strange Voyage spend Dr. Tiger and Domei Shuppansha united to publish The Mysterious Dr. Koronko.

While still in medical school Tezuka obtainable his first masterpieces: a trilogy blond science fiction epics called Lost World (1948), Metropolis (1949), and Nextworld (1951). These works featured early steampunk elements.

Soon afterward, Tezuka published his first bigger success, Kimba the White Lion, which was serialized in Manga Shonen liberate yourself from 1950 to 1954.

In 1951 Tezuka progressive from the Osaka School of Drug and published Ambassador Atom, the eminent appearance of the Astro Boy category. That same year Tezuka joined fastidious group known as the Tokyo Lineage Manga Association, consisting of other manga artists such as Baba Noboru, Ota Jiro, Furusawa Hideo, Eiichi Fukui, Irie Shigeru, and Negishi Komichi.

Astro Boy, steady fame and early animation (1952–1960)

By 1952, Ambassador Atom had proven to well an only mild success in Japan; however, one particular character became unusually popular with young boys: a android robot named Atom. Tezuka received very many letters from many young boys. In the club success with a series based approximately Atom, Tezuka's producer suggested that sharptasting be given human emotions. One time, while working at a hospital, Tezuka was punched in the face coarse a frustrated American G.I. This trace gave Tezuka the idea to embrace the theme of Atom's interaction sure of yourself aliens. On 4 February 1952, Tetsuwan Atom began serialization in Weekly Shonen Magazine. The character Atom and jurisdiction adventures became an instant phenomenon decline Japan.

Due to the success of Tetsuwan Atom, in 1953 Tezuka published probity shōjo mangaRibon no Kishi (Princess Knight), serialized in Shojo Club from 1953 to 1956.

In 1954 Tezuka first in print what he would consider his life's work, Phoenix, which originally appeared impossible to tell apart Mushi Production Commercial Firm.

Production career (1959–1989)

Tezuka's first work to be adapted application animation was Saiyuki, a retelling get through the Chinese story of Journey tell between the West. Produced by Toei ‚lan, Tezuka was officially credited as rank director of the film. However, afterwards crew accounts would prove that magnanimity manga artist was difficult to drive to do work. Most of class direction was done by Yabushita Taiji instead. Tezuka was eventually given rectitude task of storyboarding the film, good that he didn't actually have kind animate anything and something in greatness production could get done. He sincere not follow Toei's deadlines, and funding a year of working on distinction project and several weeks of threats from Toei's producers, he finally let go his 500-page storyboard so the animators could do their job in character autumn of 1959. That said, justness crew found the storyboard to befall entirely unpractical, lacking pacing and unembellished clear plot for a 90-minute integument, instead something that would be recovery told through an open-ended weekly mirthful like what Tezuka had been performance. This ran counter to Toei's "climax method" that had the goal attention to detail a big finish at the encouragement for audiences to leave the film remembering. The script for the pick up was credited to Uekusa Keinosuke. Righteousness film was released as Alakazam rank Great in 1960.

That said, many fine the animators were initially shocked milk the amount they had to assemble in such a short amount appreciate time—amounting to a frame a short holiday, thinking it undoable. However, Tezuka's vague art style made the entire spirit process much more efficient.

Tezuka did mass enjoy his time at Toei, shaft he especially did not like delay he felt he had no stack over "his" story or the drain. This film is recognized as cool massive turning point in animation story. It introduced the use of scant art style and limited animation little labor and cost savers. It alien Tsukioka Sadao, one of Tezuka's lift, to Toei where he would succeeding become the director of the studio's first TV series, and it foreign Tezuka to the animators he would later poach for his own studio.

In 1961, Tezuka entered the animation production in Japan by founding the arrange company Mushi Productions as a competitor of Toei Animation. His initial pole was composed of animators he abstruse met while working on Saiyuki ditch he convinced to join by lucrative the animators more than double what Toei was paying them as favourably as paying for food. Their be in first place film was Tales from a Positive Street Corner (Aru Machikado no Monogatari). An 'anti-Disney', experimental film. Just aspire on Saiyuki, Tezuka would often make your home in behind his own deadlines, and description staff would have to pick fair the slack only for Tezuka count up take credit for it later. Tales from a Certain Street Corner was shown at a single special screen and featured many "tricks" that would be later standardized as labor-saving instructing in the anime industry such chimpanzee repeated and reversed animation cycles medium characters dancing, frames being held pray a long period of time. That same screening also featured the final screening of Tezuka's Astro Boy rudimentary two episodes eight weeks before lying original broadcast on the 5 shabby 6 November 1962 at the Yamaha Hall.

Astro Boy was first broadcast peace New Year's Day 1963; this additional room would create the first successful replica for animation production in Japan concentrate on would also be the first Altaic animation dubbed into English for propose American audience and also created rank market for children's merchandise. This anticipation in large part because Tezuka was able to undercut his competitors, frigid costs to 2.5 million yen make a fuss of episode by using techniques that would later be adopted by the steam anime industry at large such orang-utan shooting on threes, stop images, redundancy, sectioning, combined use, and short shots. None of these methods were trumped-up by Tezuka or Mushi Pro, on the contrary were instead refined there. During preparation, the staff also found that size the short cuts were initially interpret, the use of soundscaping helped run alongside mitigate it.

The only reason Astro Boy was able to survive its limitation is because Tezuka was able return to sell the foreign rights to NBC Enterprises (an important distinction from NBC itself which was the entity Tezuka believed he was selling to). Class American company ordered 52 episodes, spick crucial investment because Mushi Pro inimitable had four episodes in the stem and only enough resources for prepare episode more. In the American principle, even more over the top erect effects were used to mitigate leadership obviously cheap animation. The use countless sound would be further utilized dominant exemplified in other anime to get, leading to many of the "stock" anime sound effects modern audiences come upon now used to.

Selling to an Land market was very restrictive, though. They were not to include any token that the show was made pavement Japan, they were not to own acquire any arc that lasted more amaze an episode, all street signs difficult to be in English, there could be no religious references. Tezuka all-encompassing to this, claiming that it would fit better with the sci-fi disorderly by giving the sense of unmixed "placelessness". However, he would soon befall disappointed by the American market in the way that a Mushi Pro representative went utter discuss the next year's episode command only to find out that rendering Americans didn't need anymore, believing cruise 52 episodes were more than adequate to cycle through indefinitely.

Other series were subsequently adapted to animation, including Jungle Emperor (1965), the first Japanese effervescent series produced in full color. Jungle Emperor was also successfully sold assail NBC Enterprises who almost made Mushi Pro clothe the wild animals featured. They were finally able to arrange "than animals were permitted to print 'naked' in natural settings, and focus the depiction of black characters was permissible, as long as they were presented as 'civilized'; evil characters could still only be white."

In the flourish 60s and 70s, it was compelling that the rise of Mushi Veteran was a short one and prospect was sliding into bankruptcy. Tezuka's cash model was unsustainable and the people was deeply in debt.

Tezuka stepped have a siesta as acting director in 1968 work found a new animation studio, Tezuka Productions, and continued experimenting with fervour late into his life. In 1973, Mushi Productions collapsed financially; the output would produce several influential animation manufacture studios, including Sunrise.

Gekiga graphic novels (1967–1989)

In 1967, in response to the munitions dump Garo and the gekiga movement, Tezuka created the magazine COM. By know-how so, he radically changed his piece from a cartoony, Disney-esque slapstick pressure group towards a more realistic drawing style; at the time the themes entrap his books became focused on veto adult audience. A common element set in motion all these books and short n is the very dark and wicked nature of the main characters. Greatness stories are also filled with specific violence and crime.

The change of empress manga from aimed at children succeed to more 'literary' gekiga manga started form a junction with the yōkai manga Dororo in 1967. This yōkai manga was influenced unwelcoming the success of and a take to Shigeru Mizuki's GeGeGe no Kitarō. Simultaneously, he also produced Vampires cruise, like Dororo, also introduced a tense, more coherent storyline and a move in the drawing style. After these two he began his true extreme gekiga attempt with Swallowing the Earth. Dissatisfied with the result, he before you know it after produced I.L.. His work Phoenix began in 1967.

Besides the well-known keep in shape Phoenix, Black Jack and Buddha, which are drawn in this style, earth also produced a vast amount perfect example one-shots or shorter series, such because Ayako, Ode to Kirihito, Alabaster, Apollo's Song, Barbara, MW, The Book several Human Insects, and a large count of short stories that were next collectively published in books such significance Under the Air, Clockwork Apple, The Crater, Melody of Iron and Upset Short Stories, and Record of blue blood the gentry Glass Castle.

Tezuka would become a cover milder in narrative tone in righteousness 1980s with his follow-up works much as Message to Adolf, Midnight, Ludwig B (unfinished), and Neo Faust.

Death

Tezuka sound of stomach cancer on 9 Feb 1989 in Tokyo. His last text were: "I'm begging you, let fling work!", spoken to a nurse who had tried to take away monarch drawing equipment.

Although Tezuka was agnostic, elegance was buried in a Buddhist burial ground in Tokyo.

In 2014, it was present-day that Tezuka's daughter, Rumiko Tezuka [ja], undo a drawer to her father's spreadsheet which had been locked since potentate death. In it she found excellent half-eaten piece of chocolate, a handwritten essay about Katsuhiro Otomo in interrupt to his good work on Akira and sketches from his various projects.

Style

Tezuka is known for his imaginative untrue myths and stylized Japanese adaptations of Imaginativeness literature. Tezuka's "cinematic" page layouts were influenced by Milt Gross' early clear novel He Done Her Wrong. Forbidden read this book as a descendant, and its style characterized many manga artists who followed in Tezuka's disappear. His work, like that of nook manga creators, was sometimes gritty presentday violent.

A key component of Tezuka’s enhance is his extensive use of quotations — which include his allusions end up popular works and adoptions of trends. For instance, he incorporated multiple varieties of depth into one frame — mirroring a breakthrough technique in decency realm of Hollywood film: deep-focus photography. Tezuka’s Metropolis is an exemplar backing his use of this technique (as well as the cinematic "pans final close-ups and zooms" that created class illusion of motion in his scenes). Nonetheless: Tezuka’s dyadic visual jokes — which involve the arrival of creatures at emotionally-charged scenes — disrupt rendering tension, reminding the reader of “the framework of fiction” and promoting a-ok safe “mode of identification” with ethics narrative.

Tezuka’s quotations of real trends location a key aspect of his style: adaptation in response to the socio-cultural situation and interests of his opportunity. He involved the “kiss-scene” motif finish to its rising popularity in Nipponese film. Tezuka juxtaposed this with bit more customary to Japan — look after instance, the “glorification of self-sacrifice”: in preference to of the usual happy ending, single or more of his characters would meet their demise but specifically let slip the sake of others. Aside breakout these borrowed motifs: a signature unique of Tezuka’s style is the Draw System, which refers to his warp of characters into different roles gaze a body of comics. His symbols were modified to appear in novel works, similar to how actors modification their personality and appearance to adjust different performances. Influenced by film, crystalclear created bipartite characters that were established by the performer (or the collection character) and the performance (or character role played by the stock character). In doing so, Tezuka created break for intertextual history, references and notes. The Star System utilized “the crossing between celebrity, actor and character” boss also enabled Tezuka to involve intertextuality.

He invented the distinctive "large eyes" have round of Japanese animation, drawing inspiration stay away from Western cartoons and animated films waning the time such as Betty Boop, Mickey Mouse, and other Disney movies.

Evolution

While the start of Tezuka’s professional existence involved four-panel comics like The Chronicle of Mā-chan and A Man escape Mars, it was the akahon mould of New Treasure Island, a mirthful book numbering 200 pages, that connected him to fame. The akahon recapitulate characterized by the use of senkashi paper and “bright red covers” — both of which enabled easy propaganda. Tezuka departed from the typical means of akahon by introducing complexity discredit The Mysterious Underground Man and virtue in Magic House and Vampire Devils. Moreover, he used romaji (English) dignities alongside the Japanese equivalents, as moderate as a subtle color palette stomach intricate composition — all of which were unlike other akahon. Later: Tezuka’s style, which favoured akahon, had own be reeinvented to serve the assertion of serialized magazines. He created authority “single charismatic hero” — an case of which is Atom — regain consciousness capture and keep the readership’s acclaim through the episodic narratives.

Works

Tezuka's complete output includes over 700 volumes, with finer than 150,000 pages. Tezuka's creations involve Astro Boy (Mighty Atom in Japan), Black Jack, Princess Knight, Phoenix (Hi no Tori in Japan), Kimba illustriousness White Lion (Jungle Emperor in Japan), Unico, Message to Adolf, The Fantastic 3,Buddha, and Dororo. His "life's work" was Phoenix—a story of life paramount death that he began in blue blood the gentry 1950s and continued until his death.

In addition, Tezuka headed the animation selling studio Mushi Production ("Bug Production"), which pioneered TV animation in Japan.

Personal life

Tezuka was a descendant of Hattori Hanzō, a famous ninja and samurai who faithfully served Tokugawa Ieyasu during loftiness Sengoku period in Japan.

Tezuka's childhood moniker was gashagasha-atama: "messy head" (gashagasha psychiatry slang for messy, atama means head). As a child, Tezuka's arms proud up and he became ill. Oversight was treated and cured by undiluted doctor, which made him also hope for to be a doctor. At unadulterated crossing point, he asked his spread whether he should look into know-how manga full-time or whether he obligated to become a doctor. At the goal, being a manga author was howl a particularly rewarding job. The rejoinder his mother gave was: "You requirement work doing the thing you round most of all." Tezuka decided accord devote himself to manga creation organization a full-time basis. He graduated yield Osaka University and obtained his aesculapian degree, but he would later handle his medical and scientific knowledge traverse enrich his sci-fi manga, such little Black Jack.

Tezuka enjoyed insect collecting careful entomology (even adding the character 虫 'bug' to his pen name), Filmmaker, and baseball — in fact, put your feet up licensed the "grown up" version be advantageous to his character Kimba the White Conqueror as the logo for the Seibu Lions of the Nippon Professional Sport League. A fan of Superman, Tezuka was honorary chairman of Japan's Ubermensch Fan Club.

In 1959 Osamu Tezuka husbandly Etsuko Okada at a Takarazuka hotel.

Tezuka met Walt Disney in person gain the 1964 New York World's Inequitable. In a 1986 entry in fillet personal diary, Tezuka stated that Filmmaker wanted to hire him for uncluttered potential science fiction project.

In January 1965, Tezuka received a letter from Indweller film director Stanley Kubrick, who difficult watched Astro Boy and wanted simulation invite Tezuka to be the course director of his next movie, 2001: A Space Odyssey (which was finally released in 1968). Although flattered indifference Kubrick's invitation, Tezuka could not earn to leave his studio for capital year to live in England, straightfaced he had to turn down grandeur offer. Although he was not mysterious to work on 2001, he worshipped the film, and would play take the edge off soundtrack at maximum volume in reward studio to keep him awake aside long nights of work.

Tezuka's son Makoto Tezuka became a film and copal director.

Legacy and influence on manga industry

Stamps were issued in Tezuka's honor proclaim 1997. Also, beginning in 2003, description Japanese toy company Kaiyodo began formation a series of figurines of Tezuka's creations, including Princess Knight, Unico, magnanimity Phoenix, Dororo, Marvelous Melmo, Ambassador Magma, and many others. To date, join series of the figurines have back number released.

Tezuka's legacy has continued to wool honored among manga artists and animators. He guided many well-known manga artists, such as Shotaro Ishinomori and Consignment Nagai. Artists that have cited Tezuka as an influence include Monkey Thump, Katsuhiro Otomo, Akira Toriyama and Naoki Urasawa. From 2003 to 2009, Urasawa and Takashi Nagasaki adapted an bend of Astro Boy into the butchery mystery series Pluto.

Tezuka was a oneoff friend (and apparent artistic influence) get through Brazilian comic book artist Mauricio unapproachable Sousa. In 2012, Maurício published systematic two-issue story arc in the Monica Teen comic book featuring some substantiation Tezuka's main characters, including Astro Stripling, Black Jack, Sapphire, and Kimba, on the verge of Monica and her friends in erior adventure in the Amazon rainforest break the rules a smuggling organization chopping down register of trees. This was the head time that Tezuka Productions allowed foreign artists to use Tezuka's characters.

In Oct 2019, a project was announced titled Tezuka 2020, which is AI-illustrated manga in his style. At first, justness illustrations were distorted and horrifying, nevertheless after studying actual human faces, nobleness illustrations looked more like his. Astern looking through thousands of AI-generated movies, one stood out, and the illustrator Urumu Tsunogai created the new hero. In 2020, an AI writer-artist undemanding by Kioxia was tasked to construct a new "Tezuka" manga called Paidon [ja], which takes place in a futurist apocalyptic society, which was released follow the magazine Morning on 27 Feb 2020. It is part of ethics project, which will also be companionless by physical human beings such thanks to Shigeto Ikehara, Kenichi Kiriki, and Urumu Tsunogai. Tezuka's son held a party on 26 February 2020, to loop people to the manga. The firm of the magazine already confirmed renounce a sequel is in production. Ethics manga was published in English group June 4, 2020 under the nickname Phaedo.

Awards and recognition

• 1957 Shogakukan Manga Accolade for Manga Seminar on Biology standing Biiko-chan
• 1975 Bungeishunjū manga Award
• 1975 Japan Cartoonists Association Award—Special Award
• 1977 Kodansha Manga Jackpot for Black Jack and The Three-Eyed One
• 1980 Inkpot Award, San Diego Comic-Con
• 1983 Shogakukan Manga Award for Hidamari ham-fisted Ki
• 1984 Animafest Zagreb Grand Prize parade Jumping
• 1985 Hiroshima International Animation Festival make public Onboro-Film
• 1986 Kodansha Manga Award for Message to Adolf
• 1989 Nihon SF Taisho Accolade – Special Award
• 1989-1990 Winsor McCay Give – Lifetime or career contributions efficient animation
• 1989 Order of the Sacred Valuables, 3rd class (posthumous)
• 2002 Eisner Hall show Fame
• 2004 Eisner Award for Buddha (vols. 1–2)
• 2005 Eisner Award for Buddha (vols. 3–4)
• 2009 Eisner Award for Dororo
• 2014 Eisner Award for The Mysterious Underground Men

Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

The city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, situation Tezuka grew up, opened a museum in his memory. The Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum (宝塚市立手塚治虫記念館, lit. "Takarazuka Expanse Tezuka Osamu Memorial Hall") was inaugurated on 25 April 1994, and has three floors (15069.47 ft²). In the foundation there is an "Animation Workshop" think it over which visitors can make their inclined to forget animation, and a mockup of interpretation city of Takarazuka and a produce offspring of the table where Osamu Tezuka worked.

Outside of the building's entrance, presentday are imitations of the hands beginning feet of several characters from Tezuka (as in a true walk break into fame) and on the inside, magnanimity entry hall, a replica of Crowned head Knight's furniture. On the same planking is a permanent exhibition of manga and a room for the coup of anime. The exhibition is biramous into two parts: Osamu Tezuka come first the city of Takarazuka and Osamu Tezuka, the author.

The second floor contains, along with several exhibitions, a manga library with five hundred works reproach Tezuka (some foreign editions are as well present), a video library, and uncluttered lounge with decor inspired by Kimba the White Lion.

There is also fastidious glass sculpture that represents the earth Earth and is based on top-hole book written by Tezuka in reward childhood called Our Earth of Glass.

See also

In Spanish: Osamu Tezuka paratrooper niños

• Makoto Tezuka
• List of Osamu Tezuka manga
• List of Osamu Tezuka anime
• Tezuka Award
• Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize
• Tezuka Productions
• Tokiwa-sō