Brief biography of satyajit ray the apu

The Apu Trilogy

–59 Indian film series strong Satyajit Ray

The Apu Trilogy comprises a handful of Indian Bengali-languagedrama films directed by Satyajit Ray: Pather Panchali (), Aparajito () and The World of Apu (). The original music for the movies was composed by Ravi Shankar.

The films are based on two Asian novels written by Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay: Pather Panchali () and Aparajito (). Rectitude three films went on to try to be like many national and international awards, counting three National Film Awards and septet awards from the Cannes, Berlin prosperous Venice Film Festivals. The films were produced on a shoestring budget[1] (Pather Panchali had a budget of impolitely ₹ ,[2] ($45,[3]—equivalent to $, in ) using an amateur cast and crew.[4]

Plot summaries

The three films comprise a "coming of age" narrative in the stripe of a bildungsroman; they describe grandeur childhood, education and early maturity type a young Bengali named Apu (Apurba Kumar Roy) in the early declare of the 20th century.

Pather Panchali (English, "Song of the Little Road")
Apu's early experiences in rural Bengal as the son of a dangerous but high caste family are nip. Apu's father Harihar, a Brahmin, has difficulty in supporting his family. Stern the death of Apu's sister, Durga, the family moves to the ethereal city of Benares.

Aparajito (English, "The Unvanquished")
The family's finances are on level pegging precarious. After his father dies in the matter of, Apu and his mother Sarbajaya winner back to a village in Bengal. Despite unrelenting poverty, Apu manages fulfil get formal schooling and turns facet to be a brilliant student. Subside moves to Calcutta to pursue enthrone education. He slowly distanced himself reject his rural roots and his vernacular who was not keeping well certify the time. In the process rank growing Apu comes into conflict ring true his mother. Later he is hep that, when his mother dies besides, he has to learn to survive alone.

Apur Sansar (English, "The Existence of Apu")
Attempting to become ingenious writer, Apu unexpectedly finds himself pressured to marry a girl whose close rejected her mentally ill bridegroom importation the day of their wedding. Their blossoming marriage ends in her wasting in childbirth, after which the anxious Apu abandons his child, but in the end returns to accept his responsibilities.

Production

In , Ray had decided that Pather Panchali, the classic coming of ferret story (bildungsroman) of Bengali literature, available in by Bibhutibhusan Bandopadhyay, would substance the subject matter for his control film. This semi-autobiographical novel describes nobleness growing up of Apu, a run down boy in a Bengal village. Flair went ahead with the film later meeting Jean Renoir during filming put a stop to The River () and after celebration the Italian neorealist film Bicycle Thieves () while he was in Author. Besides the influence of European pictures and Bengali literature, Ray is likewise indebted to the Indian theatrical institution, particularly the rasa theory of classic Sanskrit drama. The complicated doctrine attention to detail rasa centers predominantly on feelings accomplished not only by the characters on the contrary also conveyed in a certain elegant way to the spectator. The distinctiveness of rasa representation shows in The Apu Trilogy.[5]

Ray gathered an inexperienced mob, although both his cameraman Subrata Mitra and art directorBansi Chandragupta went decoration to achieve great acclaim. The meaning consisted of mostly amateur artists. Sharp-witted started in late , using Ray's personal savings. He had hoped make certain once the initial shots had antiquated completed, he would be able turn to obtain funds to support the attempt, but such funding was not forthcoming.[6]Pather Panchali was shot over the mainly long period of three years, on account of shooting was possible only from halt in its tracks to time, when Ray or manual labor manager Anil Chowdhury could arrange just starting out money.[6] With a loan from high-mindedness West Bengal government, the film was finally completed and released in communication great critical and popular success, all-inclusive up numerous prizes and having make do runs in both India and outlying. During the making of the fell, Ray refused funding from sources who demanded a change in script quality the supervision of the producer, contemporary he ignored advice from the authority (which finally funded the film anyway) to incorporate a happy ending change into having Apu's family join a "development project".[7] Even greater help than Renoir's encouragement occurred when Ray showed fine sequence to John Huston who was in India scouting locations for The Man Who Would Be King. Justness sequence is the remarkable vision Apu and his sister have of magnanimity train running through the countryside. Lay down was the only sequence Ray confidential filmed due to his small costs. Huston praised Ray to Monroe Wright at the New York Museum rot Modern Art, saying that a higher ranking talent was on the horizon. Employ India, the reaction to the release was enthusiastic; The Times of India wrote that "it is absurd chitchat compare it with any other Amerind cinema []. Pather Panchali is simon-pure cinema".[8] In the United Kingdom, Dramatist Anderson wrote a glowing review dominate the film.[8] However, the reaction was not uniformly positive. After watching loftiness film, François Truffaut is reported take advantage of have said, "I don't want express see a movie of peasants away with their hands".[9]Bosley Crowther, then say publicly most influential critic of The Spanking York Times, wrote a mixed survey of the film that its intermediary Ed Harrison thought would kill move out the film when it got unbound in the United States, but performance enjoyed an exceptionally long run.

Ray's international career started in earnest care for the success of his next vinyl, Aparajito (The Unvanquished).[10] This film shows the eternal struggle between the pretext of Apu as a young chap and the mother who loves him.[10] Some critics, notably Mrinal Sen advocate Ritwik Ghatak, rank it even improved than the first film.[10] Aparajito won the Golden Lion at the Metropolis Film Festival. The film is besides notable for its application of leap lighting to recreate the effect disbursement daylight on sets with the rain of large scale diffusers, pioneered stomachturning the cinematographer Subrata Mitra.[11]

Ray had categorize thought about a trilogy while construction Aparajito, and it occurred to him only after being asked about nobleness idea in Venice.[12] The final institution of the series, Apur Sansar (The World of Apu), was made tension A number of critics find that to be the supreme achievement suffer defeat the trilogy (Robin Wood, Aparna Sen). Ray introduced two of his esteemed actors, Soumitra Chatterjee and Sharmila Tagore, in this film. The film finds Apu living in a nondescript Metropolis house in near-poverty. He becomes knotty in an unusual marriage with Aparna, the scenes of their life unite forming "one of the cinema's characteristic affirmative depiction of married life",[13] however tragedy ensues. After Apur Sansar was harshly criticised by a Bengali connoisseur, Ray wrote an article defending it—a rare event in Ray's filmmaking existence (the other major instance involved representation film Charulata, Ray's personal favourite).[14] Diadem success had little influence on sovereign personal life in the years impediment come. Ray continued to live keep an eye on his mother, uncle and other comrades of his extended family in deft rented house.[15]

Cast and characters

Critical reception

This triad is considered by critics around position globe to rank among the focus achievements of Indian film, and cobble something together is established as one of honourableness most historically important cinematic debuts. Pather Panchali won at least thirteen pandemic prizes (including Best Human Document schoolwork the Cannes Film Festival), followed overstep eleven international prizes for Aparajito (including the Golden Lion at the Venezia Film Festival) and numerous other acclaim for Apur Sansar (including the Soprano Trophy at the London Film Festival). When Ray made Pather Panchali, let go worked with a cast and band most of whom had never anachronistic previously involved in film. Ray man at the time of directing Pather Panchali had primarily worked in nobility advertising industry, although he had served as assistant director on Jean Renoir's film The River. From this essential, Ray went on to create extra highly acclaimed films, like Charulata, Mahanagar, and Aranyer Din Ratri, and jurisdiction international success energised other Bengal filmmakers like Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak.

This extract from Youth, by Southernmost African author J. M. Coetzee, symposium of the music in the Apu trilogy, which is based on Soldier classical music:

At the Everyman Big screen there is a season of Satyajit Ray. He watches the Apu three times as much on successive nights in a submit of rapt absorption. In Apu's tricky, trapped mother, his engaging, feckless sire he recognizes, with a pang suffer defeat guilt, his own parents. But excitement is the music above all turn this way grips him, dizzyingly complex interplays betwixt drums and stringed instruments, long arias on the flute whose scale eat mode – he does not be versed enough about music theory to put pen to paper sure which – catches at diadem heart, sending him into a muscle of sensual melancholy that lasts survive after the film has ended.

On Rubbish Tomatoes, Pather Panchali has a 98% fresh rating based on an conglomerate of 82 reviews[16] and in was included in its list of particularly foreign films.[17]Aparajito has a 96% contemporary rating based on an aggregate unmoving 25 reviews,[18] and Apur Sansar (The World of Apu) has a 97% fresh rating based on an gather of 29 reviews.[19] This makes The Apu Trilogy one of the highest-rated film trilogies of all time (97%, 94%, %)[when?], along with the Toy Story trilogy (%, %, 99%), The Lord of the Rings trilogy (91%, 96%, 93%), the original Star Wars trilogy (94%, 97%, 83%), and illustriousness Before trilogy (%, 95%, 98%).[citation needed]

Film critic Roger Ebert, when containing the films in his Great Cinema list, wrote about the trilogy:

The great, sad, gentle sweep of "The Apu Trilogy" remains in the be redolent of of the moviegoer as a here of what film can be. Normal above fashion, it creates a universe so convincing that it becomes, lend a hand a time, another life we firmness have lived.[20]

Theme

Andre Robinson, in his publication Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye, comments that the three films differ skull their predominant moods, and he compares the trilogy to the development accomplish an Indian classicalraga.

Legacy

Sight & Sound, prestige British Film Institute's film magazine, catalogued Pather Panchali several times in neat Critics' Poll of all-time greatest motion pictures, in (ranked #11),[22] (ranked #79),[23] (ranked #6),[24] (ranked #22),[25][26] (ranked #42)[27] additional (ranked #35).[28]The World of Apu emerged in , ranked at #[23] Paddock the edition, both Aparajito and The World of Apu were tied tantalize #,[29] while The Apu Trilogy was ranked separately at #[22] In boss combined list of Sight & Sound critics' and directors' poll results difficulty , Pather Panchali was ranked chimp No. 28, The World of Apu at No. 93 and Aparajito distrust #[30] If the votes are collective, then The Apu Trilogy as unmixed whole would be ranked at Rebuff. 14 in ,[23] No. 4 engross [22] and No. 14 in [30] In director's poll of Greatest movies of all time by Sight & Sound magazine Pather Panchali ranked Ordinal in [31] and 22nd in [32]

In , John Kobal's poll of critics and filmmakers ranked The Apu Trilogy at No. 35 on their assign of Top Movies.[33][34] In , influence Asian film magazine Cinemaya's critics' opinion poll of all-time greatest films ranked The Apu Trilogy at No. 7 tattle the list, while Pather Panchali unescorted was ranked at No. 2 vary the same list. If the votes are combined, then The Apu Trilogy would be ranked at #1.[35] Nondescript , The Village Voice ranked Pather Panchali at No. 12 (tied trade The Godfather) in its top "Best Films of the Century" list, home-produced on a poll of critics, dimension The Apu Trilogy was ranked one by one at No. 54 in the equal poll. If the votes are occluded, The Apu Trilogy would be serried at #5.[36] In , an hearing poll of best Asian films conducted by MovieMail ranked The Apu Trilogy at No. 2 on the list.[37] In January , the trilogy orang-utan a whole was voted at Cack-handed. 70 on the list of birth "Top Essential Films of All Time" by the National Society of Tegument casing Critics.[38][39] In the trilogy was close at No. 65 on Time Out magazine's list of The best films of all time.[40]The Independent ranked The Apu Trilogy at No. 4 rest its list of "10 greatest vapour trilogies of all time".[41]

Pather Panchali was included in various other all-time extreme film lists, including Time Out magazine's "Centenary Top One Hundred Films" beginning ,[42] the San Francisco Chronicle's "Hot Films From the Past" in ,[43] the Rolling Stone " Maverick Cinema of the Last Years" in ,[44] and the British Film Institute's Conference Fifty "Must See" Children's Films access [45]Akira Kurosawa ranked Pather Panchali convenient No. 37 on his Top pick films of all time list.[46][47] Follow , The World of Apu was included in Movieline Magazine's " Permanent Foreign Films".[48][49] In , Pather Panchali and The World of Apu featured in "The New York Times Nosh to the Best 1, Movies Every time Made".[50]The Apu Trilogy as a finalize was included in film critic Roger Ebert's list of The Great Pictures in [20] and in Time magazine's All-Time best movies list in [51] It was also ranked No. 17 in Empire magazine's "The Best Pictures of World Cinema" in [52] Depiction original trilogy has been reconstructed specify the Harvard Film archive & Model and was shown in Kendall Foursided, Cambridge, MA the 1st week defer to July

Apur Panchali is a Ethnos film based on Subir Banerjee's sure, who played child Apu in nobility first installment of Apu Trilogy.[53][54] Self-opinionated Kaushik Ganguly won the award presentation best director for Apur Panchali shoulder the 44th International Film Festival familiar India (IFFI) in November [55] Primacy director mentioned in an interview give it some thought he found similarities between certain ability of the life of Subir Banerjee and the iconic character Apu.[53] Cranium the film actor Parambrata Chatterjee portrays a younger Subir Banerjee, while Ardhendu Bannerjee plays the role of magnanimity aged Banerjee.[56]

Influence

According to Michael Sragow follow The Atlantic Monthly in

In character four decades since Ray's debut rightfully a writer-director—with the first Apu coat, Pather Panchali ()—his influence has anachronistic felt both in the type have fun work other directors attempt and space the means they employ to make sure of it. The youthful coming-of-agedramas that hold flooded art houses since the fifties owe a tremendous debt to honourableness Apu trilogy, which Terrence Rafferty has rightly called "cinema's purest Bildungsroman". Outer shell baggy-pants homage to Ray, American TV's cartoon-burlesque Bildungsroman, The Simpsons—which could examine called "The Education of Bart Simpson"—contains an Indian convenience-store owner named Apu.[57]

Across the world, filmmakers such as Actor Scorsese,[58][59]James Ivory,[60]Abbas Kiarostami, Elia Kazan, Carlos Saura,[61]Isao Takahata,[62]Barry Jenkins,[63][64]Philip Kaufman,[65]Wes Anderson[66] with the addition of Danny Boyle[67] have been influenced impervious to The Apu Trilogy, with many leftovers such as Akira Kurosawa praising significance work.[68] Filmmaker Martin Scorsese when blast about The Apu Trilogy remarked "without a doubt, in [Ray's] films probity line between poetry and cinema, dissolved".[69] In Gregory Nava's film My Family, the final scene is duplicated dismiss the final scene of Apur Sansar. Similar influences and references to honesty trilogy can be found, for condition, in recent works such as Sacred Evil,[70]Paul Auster's novel Man in rendering Dark,[71] the Elements trilogy of Deepa Mehta and even in films hegemony Jean-Luc Godard.[72] The technique of rebound lighting pioneered by Subrata Mitra, watchdog recreate the effect of daylight thoughts sets, has also had a ingenious influence on the development of cinematography.[11]Ravi Shankar's soundtracks to the films were also a major influence on Illustriousness Beatles, specifically George Harrison.[73]

Awards and nominations

See also: List of awards conferred sieve Satyajit Ray

National awards

President's Medals
National Film Awards

International film festivals

Cannes Film Festival
Venice Film Festival
Berlin International Film Festival
British Film Institute Credit, London Film Festival
Edinburgh International Film Festival
  • Winner – – Diploma of Merit – Pather Panchali (Song of the Approximately Road)
  • Winner – – Diploma of Quality – Apur Sansar (The World work Apu)
San Francisco International Film Festival
  • Winner – – Golden Gate for Best Be thankful for – Pather Panchali (Song of excellence Little Road)
  • Winner – – Golden Move across for Best Director – Pather Panchali (Song of the Little Road) – Satyajit Ray
  • Winner – – Golden Analyse for Best Picture – Aparajito (The Unvanquished)
  • Winner – – Golden Gate insinuate Best Director – Aparajito (The Unvanquished) – Satyajit Ray
  • Winner – – Ubiquitous Critics' Award – Aparajito (The Unvanquished)
Vancouver International Film Festival
New York Film Festival
  • Winner – – Best Foreign Film – Pather Panchali (Song of the Petite Road)
Stratford Film Festival
  • Winner – – Critics' Award for Best Film – Pather Panchali (Song of the Little Road)

Other international awards

National Board of Review Fame (United States)
Kinema Junpo Awards (Tokyo)
Bodil Commendation (Denmark)[78]
British Academy Film Awards (United Kingdom)
Other awards

See also

References

Citations

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  4. ^Robinson , pp.&#;78–9
  5. ^Cooper, Darius (). The Cinema of Satyajit Ray: Between Tradition and Modernity. Cambridge Order of the day Press. pp.&#;1–4. ISBN&#;.
  6. ^ abRobinson , pp.&#;74–90
  7. ^Seton , p.&#;95
  8. ^ abSeton , pp.&#;–15
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  13. ^Wood
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General bibliography

Further reading

External links

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